Parametric Statistical Analysis Research Articles

Abrasive waterjet cutting of r‐GO infused magnesium fiber metal laminates: Experimental investigations and optimization through gorilla troops algorithm

AbstractLaminated metal‐composite structures, known as fiber metal laminates (FMLs), are modern lightweight materials extensively utilized in diverse industries such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing. These materials offer enhanced impact and fatigue resistance, making them invaluable for various applications. However, machining FMLs poses a challenge due to the occurrence of delamination and heterogenous in nature during conventional methods. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the quality characteristics such as kerf width, surface roughness and kerf taper of Magnesium based FMLs processed with an unconventional machining process namely abrasive water jet cutting (AWJC). These FMLs comprise alternately stacked kevlar/carbon fibers adhesively bonded with epoxy resin matrix filled with varying wt% of reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO), combined with AZ31B alloy sheet as the skin material. AWJC experiments were performed by varying the process parameters including waterjet pressure (275–325 MPa), stand‐off distance (2.5–3.5 mm), and cutting speed (600–800 mm/min) based on the box–behnken experimental design. The findings from the statistical analysis underscore the significant influences of stand‐off distance and waterjet pressure on kerf characteristics, while the inclusion of r‐GO is observed to notably affect the surface quality. In pursuit of enhancing cut quality, a multi‐response optimization was conducted employing the Gorilla Troops Optimization (GTO) algorithm. Comparative analysis with established metaheuristics like the gray wolf algorithm, dragonfly algorithm, and harmony search algorithm reveals GTO's superior performance across various metrics, including rapid convergence, diversity, and spacing values. Further, the cutting‐induced damages such as matrix plowing, fiber‐metal debonding and composite delamination were observed through microstructure analysis.Highlights Magnesium (AZ31B) fiber metal laminate comprising with various wt% of reduced graphene oxide was fabricated. Abrasive waterjet cutting of FMLs were performed based on box–behnken design experimental approach. Statistical analysis and influence of process parameters on the kerf width, surface roughness and kerf taper were investigated. Multi‐response optimization was carried out using metaheuristic‐based gorilla troops algorithm.

Does climate change affect wheat productivity and water demand in arid regions? Case study of Egypt

The study investigates the effects of climate change on wheat productivity (Yw) and crop water requirements (CWR) across different regions in Egypt, highlighting the potential threat to the country's wheat self-sufficiency goals. Data spanning from 1987 to 2019 from lower, middle, and upper Egypt, as well as areas outside the Nile valley of Egypt, underwent both parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis to discern trends in climate parameters and their impact on wheat growth stages. Findings reveal a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in Yw across the study areas, attributed to effective self-sufficiency strategies, with increases of 0.61, 0.60, 0.59, and 0.56 Mg ha−1 per decade in middle Egypt, outside the Nile valley, lower, and upper Egypt study zones, respectively. Although the observed significant increase in Yw, results revealed a significant negative relationship between Yw, maximum air temperature (Tmax), minimum air temperature (Tmin), and wheat growing degree days (GDD) depending on the study zone and the wheat growth stage. The study notes a more significant rise in Tmin than Tmax, adversely affecting Yw, particularly in upper Egypt, where Tmin rose by 0.43 °C per decade. CWR rose by ∼12 % in lower Egypt, ∼15 % in middle and upper Egypt, and ∼18 % outside the Nile valley between 2009 and 2019 compared to 1987–1997 under the best farming conditions. Wheat in middle Egypt showed resilience to climatic change, whereas in the Nile valley zone, the node development stage was significantly sensitive to Tmax fluctuations. In lower Egypt, Tmin and wheat GDD changes during anthesis and physiological stages significantly negatively impacted Yw. The study suggests that wheat self-sufficiency strategies in Egypt and similar climates should start to incorporate air temperature and GDD considerations. Recommendations include adopting heat, drought, and disease-resistant wheat varieties and focusing on expanding wheat cultivation in other zones rather than upper Egypt to cope with climate change.

Fresh or frozen day 6 blastocyst transfer: is there still a question?

BackgroundThe Live Birth Rate (LBR) after day 5 (D5) blastocyst transfer is significantly higher than that with D6 embryos in both fresh and frozen-vitrified embryo transfer cycles, according to the most recently published meta-analyses. Therefore, for women obtaining only D6 blastocysts, the chances of pregnancy may be lower but nonetheless sufficient to warrant transferring such embryos. The best strategy for transfer (i.e., in fresh versus frozen cycles) remains unclear and there is a paucity of data on this subject.MethodsA total of 896 couples with D6 single blastocyst transfers were retrospectively analyzed: patients receiving a fresh D6 embryo transfer (Fresh D6 transfer group, n = 109) versus those receiving a frozen-thawed D6 embryo transfer (Frozen D6 transfer group, n = 787). A subgroup comprising a freeze-all cycle without any previous fresh or frozen D5 embryo transfers (Elective frozen D6, n = 77) was considered and also compared with the Fresh D6 transfer group. We compared LBR between these two groups. Correlation between D6 blastocyst morphology according to Gardner’s classification and live birth occurrence was also evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe LBR was significantly lower after a fresh D6 blastocyst transfer compared to the LBR with a frozen-thawed D6 blastocyst transfer [5.5% (6/109) vs. 12.5% (98/787), p = 0.034]. Comparison between LBR after Elective frozen D6 group to the Fresh D6 blastocyst transfers confirmed the superiority of frozen D6 blastocyst transfers. Statistical analysis of the blastocyst morphology parameters showed that both trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) grades were significantly associated with the LBR after D6 embryo transfer (p < 0.001, p = 0.037). Multiple logistic regression revealed that frozen D6 thawed transfer was independently associated with a higher LBR compared with fresh D6 transfer (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: [1.05–6.17]; p = 0.038). Our results also show that transferring a good or top-quality D6 blastocyst increased the chances of a live birth by more than threefold.ConclusionsOur results indicate that transferring D6 blastocysts in frozen cycles improves the LBR, making it the best embryo transfer strategy for these slow-growing embryos.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Utilization of Eco‐friendly Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Iron Oxide Nanorods in Dye Removal from Real Textile Industry Effluent

AbstractTextile industry wastewater contaminated with dye effluents poses a significant environmental challenge. Numerous nanoparticles are used as adsorbents to treat similarly stimulated wastewater, but particularly nanomaterials synthesized through green methods have gained prominence. To assess their practical applicability in addressing real‐world textile wastewater pollution, studies on dye removal from authentic textile industrial effluents are recommended. As a result, a study focused on the removal of dye from real textile industrial effluent is conducted, and biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles and iron oxide nanorods are chosen as adsorbents. The investigation scrutinized the influence of adsorbent dosage, adsorbent‐adsorbate contact time, and wastewater pH on the percentage of dye adsorption. These findings indicate that increasing the adsorbent dosage and contact time leads to a higher percentage of dye removal. Notably, copper oxide nanoparticles exhibit superior dye removal efficiency at pH levels 5 and 7, outperforming the maximum dye removal efficiency of iron oxide nanorods at pH 12. The study achieved an impressive process efficiency of 95.24% for copper oxide nanoparticles and 62.5% for iron oxide nanorods. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed for statistical data analysis and optimization of dye removal process parameters to maximize efficiency. Overall, the results demonstrate that biosynthesized nanomaterials offer a promising and effective solution for removing dyes from textile industrial wastewater.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Financial Cost and Morbidity in Nonfatal Firearm Injuries.

Representing 68% of firearm-related injuries, nonfatal firearm injuries cause substantial morbidity and are associated with high costs to patients and the health care system. A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate 359 adults in the Southeastern United States from 2019 to 2021. IBM SPSS was used for descriptive and parametric statistical analysis. The mean total cost of stay (TCOS) was $36,639.12, length of stay (LOS) was 8.61 days, number of times to the operating room was 1.88, and number of follow-ups was 3.21. Vascular and traumatic brain injuries were associated with higher TCOS and LOS. Vascular injuries were associated with more operating room visits. Bony injuries and non-TBI neurological injuries were associated with more follow-up appointments. In this brief report, we aim to understand the effect injury types have on these factors to help inform trauma protocol development with the goal of decreasing financial burdens.

Impact Of Academic Supervision on Improving Performance of Early Childhood Education Teachers in Early Age Learning

This research aims to understand and describe the implementation of academic supervision by school principals; assess the performance of Early Childhood Education (PAUD) teachers; determine the influence of academic supervision on PAUD teacher performance; and identify the impact of academic supervision implementation on PAUD teacher performance. This study employed an ex-post facto correlational research design. The population consisted of 594 respondents from various PAUD institutions, with a sample size of 44 respondents selected using Stratified Random Sampling based on the accreditation status of the PAUD institutions. Data were collected through non-test methods, including questionnaires validated using Likert scales and Cronbach's Alpha reliability test, interviews, observations, and documentation. Instrument content validity was 0.89 &lt; 0.75, and reliability was 0.815 &lt; 0.6. Data analysis involved parametric statistical analysis and Spearman correlation tests.&#x0D; The findings revealed: 1) Academic supervision by school principals in Manggarai Raya was implemented with a percentage of 40% for accreditation A, indicating excellent performance. However, when viewed comprehensively, it was considered low or unsatisfactory due to being below 50%; 2) PAUD teacher performance in Manggarai Raya, assessed using all indicators, fell into the very good category with a percentage of 20%. Yet, when viewed holistically, it was deemed inadequate/poor as it was below 50%; 3) There was a positive influence of academic supervision by school principals on PAUD teacher performance in Manggarai Raya, with a Cohen's value of 0.99, indicating that 99% of the variance in teacher performance was influenced by academic supervision by school principals; 4) The contribution of academic supervision to PAUD teacher performance in Manggarai Raya, assessed using an R2 coefficient, was 0.27% or 27%; and 5) There was an impact of academic supervision on PAUD teacher performance.&#x0D; Keywords: academic supervision, PAUD teacher performance

A RELIABLE RP-UPLC-TUV METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN, AMOXICILLIN, AND VONOPRAZAN IN CO-PACKED PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS: METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION WITH STABILITY INDICATING PROPERTIES

Objective: The study aims to develop a reliable RP-UPLC-TUV method for simultaneous estimation of Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Vonoprazan in bulk and combined dosage. Methods: A simple, specific, and reliable method for determining Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Vonoprazan has been developed using the RP-UPLC method. In order to successfully separate Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Vonoprazan, 1.0 µl of a 100 % level solution was injected into a Hibar C18 (100 x 2.1 mm and 2 µm) column. The mobile phase consisted of Ammonium Acetate and Acetonitrile in equal volumes, and the flow rate was kept at 0.3 ml/min while the detection wavelength was set to 210 nm. Both the column and the injection port were kept at a temperature of 30 °C at all times. Results: The retention time (RT) of Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Vonoprazan was observed at 1.24 min, 0.97 min and 1.66 min, correspondingly with accepted system suitability. The linear responses were observed for Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Vonoprazan in the range of 25 to 150 µg/ml, 25 to 150 µg/ml and 1 to 6 µg/ml, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values were calculated to 0.07 µg/ml and 0.22 µg/ml for Clarithromycin, 0.81 µg/ml and 2.45 µg/ml for Amoxicillin and 0.03 µg/ml and 0.09 µg/ml for Vonoprazan. The % RSD values of both precision were assessed in the range of 0.8-1.4. The mean recovery of Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Vonoprazan was in the range of 99.66 %-100.88 %. The statistical analysis of the validation parameters confirmed that the approach was reliable in terms of its accuracy, sensitivity, and precision while also exhibiting a high degree of sensitivity. The study of analytes in a variety of stressful situations guarantees the stability of the substances, ensuring that they represent the method's stability indication. Conclusion: The newly established technique is quite effective in separating Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Vonoprazan from one another. Also separated with excellent resolution were the degradation products that were formed as a result of the stress conditions. The study concluded that the developed method has considerable adoption in the pharmaceutical sector.

Correlation of Learning Systems with Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes

Ubiquitous Project Based Learning (UPBL) offers learning opportunities that are not limited by time and place, adapts to students' level of mastery, and creates learning communities where students can engage with each other while working on learning projects. UPBL actively contributes to achieving learning goals as best as possible. This research aims to determine the relationship between Ubiquitous Project Based Learning (UPBL) and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) with student involvement and to choose the relationship with learning outcomes. This research uses a one-group pretest-posttest design. The parametric statistical test analysis technique of Pearson product-moment correlation was used to calculate the research data findings. The output of data calculations using SPSS is correlation data between Ubiquitous Project Based Learning (UPBL) and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) students with student involvement and learning outcomes which is known to indicate a significant relationship between UPBL and SRL students, with student involvement and learning outcomes. , which is 0.000 and 0.005, which is smaller than the value of 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between UPBL and SRL students with student engagement and learning outcomes. The research results show that UPBL is substantially related to SRL regarding student engagement and learning outcomes.

Evaluation of the public policy impacts on Monkeypox in Brazil

Brazil ranked third in the number of Monkeypox infected worldwide in early September 2022 and eighth in multiple deaths. Brazilian Ministry of Health prepared a public policy to face the smallpox outbreak. This paper aims to analyze the governmental public policy’ impacts on Monkeypox using survival analysis. The information in the database was collected from epidemiological bulletins on the official websites of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The survival analysis with parametric statistical analysis, semiparametric with Cox regression, and nonparametric analysis were used. The inference of causality was perceived by the impact caused by the national public policy with the proportional reduction in the number of cases in the treatment group (Chi-sq = 117.783, p < 0.001), contrary to what was perceived in the control group, as well as survival about the time of the states that elaborated their plans based on what was made available by the government. The need to evaluate government projects should be within the scope of project management in Brazilian states and provide for more assertive decision-making in the fight against smallpox

International collaboration between low-middle-income and high-income institutions to improve radiation therapy care delivery.

The Philippines is a lower-middle-income island country with over 153 000 new cancer diagnosis each year. Despite many patients needing radiotherapy as part of disease management, there remains limitations to access. Currently, the Philippines has 50 linear accelerator facilities serving a population of 110 million. However, given the recommendation of 1 linear accelerator for every 250 thousand people, it is evident that the demand for accessible radiotherapy resources is significantly underserved in the country. This paper outlines the collaboration between GenesisCare Solutions (GCS) and Fairview Cancer Center (FCC) to address efficiency and access within the radiotherapy department at FCC. Through international collaboration between GCS and FCC, areas for improvement were identified and categorized into four domains: Dosimetry quality, Patient workflow, Data & Reporting, and Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure. Action plans were developed then implemented. A baseline measurement was obtained for each domain, and post-implementation evaluation undertaken at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Data captured within the electronic medical record system was extrapolated, and average treatment times were established for pre- and post-engagement. A paired, 2-tailed t-test was used for statistical analysis of outcome parameters using IBM SPSS version 23 for all statistics. Twelve months post-initial engagement, all four domains saw positive outcomes. Improved plan quality linked to Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) utilization rates saw an increase from 20% to 54%. A significant reduction in patient average wait times was also observed, from 27 to 17 min (p≤0.001). Prior to engagement, tracking patient demographics and diagnosis was not prioritized, post engagement an average of 92% diagnosis entry compliance was achieved. Through the collaboration of GCS and FCC, objectives in all action plan domains were achieved, highlighting the benefits of collaboration between low-middle-income and high-income institutions.

Statistical analysis of parameters and adsorption isotherm models.

The present work intends to discuss parameter estimation and statistical analysis in adsorption. The Langmuir and Tóth isotherm models are compared for a set of carbon dioxide adsorption data on 13X zeolite from literature at different temperatures: 303, 323, 373, and 423 K. Statistical analyses were performed under frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. Under the frequentist statistical view, parameters were estimated using Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE). Statistical analyses of parameters were performed by confidence regions in terms of elliptical approximation and likelihood region, while the evaluation of models was performed by chi-square statistics. The results showed that, for these nonlinear models, the elliptical region offers a poor approximation of the parameter estimates' confidence region, especially for the most correlated parameter pairs. Additionally, the four-parameter Tóth's equation yields less correlated parameters than the three-parameter Langmuir model. From a Bayesian perspective, the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique facilitated the reconstruction of the probability density functions of parameters as well as enabled the propagation of parametric uncertainties in the model responses. Finally, the accurate assessment of experimental uncertainty significantly influences the evaluation of models and their respective parameters.

Statistical analysis of characteristic parameters of graphene/p-Si junctions prepared under similar conditions

The literature has established that the junction parameters in metal-semiconductor rectifying junctions closely depend on the smoothness of the semiconductor surface and the properties of the materials used in contact construction. In addition to metals, materials with excellent properties such as graphene are utilized as contact materials in the fabrication of metal-semiconductor rectifier junctions, which are the fundamental part of many innovative devices, particularly diodes. Ten Au/graphene/p-Si/Al complex structures were created in this study using comparable circumstances. Using the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) method, graphene thin film was initially produced on copper foil and subsequently transferred on the clean and polished surface of p-Si semiconductor with aluminum ohmic contact. Electrical measurements such as current-voltage (I–V) and capacitance-voltage (C–V) of the fabricated 10 graphene/p-Si junctions were performed at room temperature and in the dark. Some characteristic parameters such as threshold voltage, ideality factor, barrier height, leakage current and rectification ratio were calculated. The barrier heights from the I–V characteristics varied from 0,532 to 0,736 eV, the ideality factors varied from 2,028 to 2,302, and from the C–V characteristics the barrier heights varied from 0,743 to 0,793 eV at 300 kHz. After fitting a Gaussian function to the barrier height distributions derived from the I–V and C–V characteristics, the mean barrier height values were found to be 0,610 eV and 0,772 eV (at 300 kHz), respectively. The value of the lateral homogeneous barrier height for the ten graphene/p-Si junctions prepared was determined to be 0,652 eV based on the linear relationship between the barrier height and the ideality factor values.

Memory effect and statistical characterization of pulsed vacuum microdischarge breakdowns between palladium electrodes from 500 nm up to [formula omitted]

The understanding of microgaps breakdown phenomena at controlled laboratory conditions represents an important prerequisite in the development of future micro-plasma technologies. The present work is focused on the observation of the electrical discharge parameters of the pulsed vacuum breakdown between palladium electrodes. The quasi-homogeneity of the generated fields was achieved using a plane-to-sphere geometry of the electrodes separated from 0.5 to 10μm. The first part of the study covers the conditioning process of the electrodes, including a comparison of the pair-virgin and single-virgin electrode configurations. A detailed statistical analysis of the discharge parameters, such as the breakdown voltage, the duration and the energy released during a pulse, and minimal power for maintaining the discharge is provided for different gap configurations for a voltage ramp speed of 107 kV/s. The analysis with respect to breakdown voltage yielded the observation of the memory effect between subsequent breakdowns.

Fluorescence imaging to visualize the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy procedures: analysis of 65 cases and 81 nerves.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury after thyroidectomy is relatively common. Locating the RLN prior to thyroid dissection is paramount to avoid injury. We developed a fluorescence imaging system that permits nerve autofluorescence. We aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence imaging at detecting theRLN relative to thyroid and other background tissue and compared it to white light. In this prospective study, 65 patients underwent thyroidectomy from January to April 2022 (16 bilateral thyroid resections) using white and fluorescent light. Fluorescence intensity [relative fluorescence units (RFU)] was recorded for RLN, thyroid, and background. RFU mean, minimum, and maximum values were calculated using Image J software. Thirty randomly selected pairs of white and fluorescent light images were independently reviewed by two examiners to compare RLN detection rate, number of branches, and length and minimum width of nerves visualized. Parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis was performed. All 81 RNLs observed were visualized more clearly under fluorescence (mean intensity, µ = 134.3 RFU) than either thyroid (µ = 33.7, p < 0.001) or background (µ = 14.4, p < 0.001). Forest plots revealed no overlap between RLN intensity and that of either other tissue. Sensitivity and specificity for RLN were 100%. All 30 RLNs and all 45 nerve branches were clearly visualized under fluorescence, versus 17 and 22, respectively, with white light (both p < 0.001). Visible nerve length was 2.5 × as great with fluorescence as with white light (µ = 1.90 vs. 0.76cm, p < 0.001). In 65 patients and 81 nerves, RLN detection was markedly and consistently enhanced with autofluorescence neuro-imaging during thyroidectomy, with 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Exploring alterations of brain networks of AD patients using WTC method

Objective: To explore the influences of different frequency bands on preprocessing of resting-state fMRI datasets used by the Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) method, and to study changes in the functional brain networks of AD patients. Method: Resting-state fMRI datasets of 10 AD patients and 11 healthy controls were collected in this study and time series of 90 brain regions defined by AAL (Automated Anatomical Labeling) were exacted after preprocessing. Wavelet transformation was performed for each time series, and a functional brain network were established in different frequencies (0.125Hz, 0.0625Hz) using the WTC (Wavelet Transform Coherence) method. The topology parameters of networks, containing global efficiency, clustering coefficient, average short paths length and small world property were calculated and averaged within each group. Result: The results imply that there are significant differences of topology parameters in networks of different frequencies. Likewise, statistical analysis of topology parameters of AD and HC (Healthy Controls) show that global efficiency, clustering coefficient and small world properties of AD all decreased by varying degrees, while the short path length of AD remained longer. Conclusion: Our research provides a theoretical basis for the choice of filter bands for data preprocessing in functional magnetic resonance imaging. The findings may serve as indicators for early diagnosis of AD patients.

Statistical analysis of forest machines ergonomic parameters

The main technology currently used in wood harvesting in Russia is the cut-to-length technology (CTL) based on the use of two machine types: harvesters and forwarders. Powerful and manoeuvrable hydraulic manipulators (cranes) are a main part of the equipment of both the harvester and the forwarder. A statistical analysis of ergonomic parameters of the manipulator control system equipped with partial automation option is described in this article. Two machines were studied in natural field conditions. Differences in the frequency and duration of telescopic extension boom control activations were identified. The distributions of the extension boom use parameters for the crane of the logging machines were defined. It can be used to build various models for the analysis of promising crane design solutions. It is determined that the duration of the rocker switch single press has a log-normal distribution and the period between switch activations has an exponential distribution.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ОТБОР КАК ФАКТОР ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ СКОТОВОДСТВЕ

Experts believe that global animal husbandry is an obstacle to the environmental safety. It is estimated that meat and milk production has increased from 758 million tons in 1990 to 1247 million tons in 2020, and continues to grow. At the same time, biogas emitted by animals provides energy for cars and space heating: 7.5 million vehicles in the world run on methane, 27 million on propane-butane. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is studying technological breegin as a factor in producing biogas, an alternative source of renewable energy. (Materials and methods) Carried out an analysis of literature data, theoretical and practical developments of the issue under consideration in the Russian Federation and foreign countries with developed dairy and beef cattle breeding. Methods of creating statistical groupings using system and statistical models, comparison, generalization and analysis of parameters and modes given in scientific and reference literature and obtained in industrial practice were applied. (Results and discussion) It was established that the selection of cattle to increase productivity is also manure breeding: in 1865, a cow gave 40 kilograms of methane per head per year with a productivity of 5,000 kilograms of milk per lactation, with an increase in milk yield to 8-9 thousand kilograms of milk, it produces almost 60 kilograms, that is, several gas cylinders daily. It has been shown that intensive animal husbandry increases not only milk yields and weight gain, but also gas exhaust. It was determined that technological features are taken into account in breeding plans and programs for the development of herds. (Conclusions) It was revealed that under the Kyoto Protocol, through the use of advanced technologies, a number of European countries plan to reduce emissions and become climate neutral in the following periods: Finland by 2035, Sweden by 2045, Germany to reduce emissions by 95 percent by 2049, Russia by 2050.

Economical and statistical analysis of the basic parameters of sustainable development of leading Russian regions

Subject. Sustainable development of Russian regions. Basic parameters of sustainable development of Russian regions in three spheres: economic, social, and environmental. Objectives. To determine the regions with similar social, economic, and environmental parameters reflecting their level of sustainability and to group them into virtual clusters. To develop a methodological approach to the analysis of the basic parameters of sustainable development of leading Russian regions and to determine the points of stabilisation and destabilisation for these regions. Research methods. Dialectical method, monographic method, comparative analysis, structuring of an array of information - virtual clustering method. Using the dialectical and monographic methods to assess the sustainability of Russian regions, we justified the use of 10 parameters characterising the economic, social, and environmental subsystems of Russian regions. The information array included data about 82 regions for the period between 2017 and 2021. In the study, we calculated the average values of sustainability indicators for each region over the said time period. The regions were grouped using the k-means algorithm and the Statistica software. The degree of sustainability of clusters was assessed based on the sum of mean normalised values of the analysed parameters. A comparison of the mean normalised values obtained for each cluster with mean values for each cluster and each parameter allowed us to determine the points of stabilisation and destabilisation for the leading clusters. Results and discussion. By dividing the regions into groups, we managed to form six homogeneous clusters with a high degree of reliability. They differ in their structural composition of the studied parameters reflecting the level of development of social and economic subsystems of the regions comprising the clusters. The sustainability of clusters was assessed based on the sums of normalised values of the analysed parameters. The leading clusters are A and B. They are far ahead of the medium cluster C. Clusters D, E, and F form a group of outsiders. Economic, social, and environmental parameters were used to determine the points of stabilisation and destabilisation for the leading clusters.

Evaluation of local substrates as rice straw alternatives for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation in resource-constrained Darchula, Nepal

Oyster mushroom cultivation, though cost-effective, faces constraints due to seasonality and substrate availability. An experimental study was conducted in the resource-constrained Darchula district of Nepal from February to May 2022. The aim was to identify and recommend economically sustainable alternatives to rice straw for oyster mushroom production using local substrates in regions with limited resources. Six treatments; rice straw (T1), banana leaves and pseudostem (T2), maize cob (T3), sawdust (T4), grass (Eulaliopsis sp.) (T5), and spent mushroom substrates (T6); were employed in a completely randomized design with four replications. Statistical analysis of growth and yield parameters revealed significant results (P values ranging from P&gt;0.001 to P&gt;0.05) across all parameters. The maize cob treatment exhibited a shorter spawn run period (20.50 days) and the earliest pinhead formation (25 days). The highest total yield (3.14 kg) across three flushes was obtained from paddy straw, followed by T2 and T5, yielding 2.05 kg and 1.43 kg, respectively. Sawdust, despite its larger stalk (1.23 cm) and pileus diameter (7.72 cm), had the lowest production (0.63 kg). Maximum biological efficiency was recorded for T1 (139.63%), followed by T2, T5, and T3, respectively. Economically, T1 resulted in the highest gross margin per 10 kg of substrate (NRs.1845.22) and the highest B:C ratio (2.51), followed by T5 and T2. These findings highlight the promise of locally abundant substrates such as banana leaves, pseudo stems, Eulaliopsis, and maize cobs as economically viable alternatives to rice straw in regions with limited straw availability or unsuitable climates for rice cultivation.

Parametric statistical analysis of microbiological water quality indicators

During the summer months from 2014 to 2016, water was sampled at two lakes in Zagreb, Jarun and Bundek, with the aim of determining the number of colonies of microbiological indicators of Escherichiae coli and intestinal enterococci. We have investigated the dependence of microbiological water quality indicators on sampling points. Also, we were interested in determining the influence of the season of the year. This research identified that regular monitoring of microbiological indicators is necessary, especially at locations used by people for recreation or other purposes, in order to prevent possible infections.